Papers - TERAUCHI Mamoru
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Mamoru Terauchi and Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 15 1 - 22 2025.3
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Mamoru Terauchi, Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 14 ( 1 ) 1 - 12 2024.3
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author
C. M. Christensen's perspective of the "S-Curve of Technological Development" is a cornerstone of his book "The Innovator's Dilemma." This paper examines why the "S-Curve of Technological Development" takes an "S" shape and discusses the limitations of a perspective that lacks detailed understanding of technology, using aspects that Christensen "could not see" as its subject. Next, it illustrates cases where manufacturers have succeeded by deliberately abandoning existing technologies. Finally, it points out that even if sustained innovation becomes impossible, once a technology has become indispensable to the infrastructure of modern society (even if it has become unappealing to managers and investors), it must be maintained at a minimum, and if possible, inherited in a way that "reduces the cost associated with its realization."
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Mamoru & Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 13 53 - 68 2023.3
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author
On January 20, 2023, as the eighth wave of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) in Japan has yet to subside, the Prime Minister instructed the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare to consider changing the classification of SARS-CoV-2 infection under the Infectious Diseases Control Law. But just how much basic knowledge do Japanese citizens have about infectious diseases? As of early 2023, with over 300 deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection being reported daily (excluding days equivalent to hospital holidays), how accurately do people recognize the knowledge of "infectious diseases" and the "immune system of the human body" that they should have learned by high school? This report presents the results of a longitudinal survey conducted among first-year university students who enrolled after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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"Art" from the perspective of "communicated information" (in Japanese)
Mamoru & Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 13 35 - 51 2023.3
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author
Art is defined as a method of information transmission sent from a creator (sender) to a receiver, and artistic expression and artwork are information shared between the creator and the receiver. By considering the invention and evolution of the "recording media" (expression media) used in artistic expression and artwork, as well as the receivers of that artistic expression and artwork and the "cost bearers" related to it, one can understand that the changes in art and artwork from ancient Greece to the present day have been rationally carried out, regardless of whether they are in the East or the West.
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Mamoru & Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 13 1 - 17 2023.3
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author
The cumulative number of deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection in Japan as of 2022 exceeded 39,000, and as of January 15, 2023, it is over 2,900 per week, with no peak in sight (the same applies to the increase in newly confirmed infections). Considering that one year consists of 52 weeks, this means that there is a possibility that more than 100,000 lives will be lost to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2023. However, such reports are completely absent. Despite the fact that the effectiveness of vaccinations is known to wane over time, the rate of additional vaccinations is stagnant. As we approach the third "end-of-year and New Year's period without movement restrictions," we predict what it will bring (as of the end of January 2023).
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Science Guild - A consideration of the divided status of human knowledge - (in Japanese)
Mamoru Terauchi, Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 12 1 - 19 2022.3
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, inadvertently exposed various "distortions" in modern society that existed prior to it. Among these "distortions," one notable issue is the extreme "reliance on experts," where many of us citizens have abandoned the ability to "think and act for ourselves," leading to continued confusion even two years after the pandemic declaration. Unless each individual can systematically integrate the "knowledge" that humanity possesses and act based on it, the reliance on experts will not be resolved. The current situation indicates a return to a pre-French Revolution feudal system regarding "knowledge." Now more than ever, the "sharing of knowledge" advocated by the Encyclopédistes is needed.
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What we must know now about COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 pandemic) (in Japanese)
Mamoru Terauchi, Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 11 101 - 122 2021.3
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author Publisher：Hirao School of Management, Konan University
The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19 pandemic) confirmed in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 has, as of January 2021, been on a steady increase in both cumulative number of infections and cumulative deaths worldwide. While Japan has a relatively lower number of infections and deaths compared to other countries when adjusted for population, the inability to control the number of new infections due to "measures not based on scientific knowledge and scientific methods" has led to the issuance of a second state of emergency declaration for 11 prefectures. Returning to the "basics of infectious disease control" based on "scientific knowledge and scientific methods" is the only way to bring the COVID-19 pandemic under control.
DOI： 10.14990/00003802
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Preferences for STEM Subjects and Daily Life Habits among University Freshmen in Japan Reviewed International journal
K.Terauchi, G.Mizugaki, M.Terauchi, S.Yoshida
Proceedings of 2016 AAAS (American Association of the Advancement in Science) Annual Meeting 2016.2
Joint Work
Publisher：American Association of the Advancement in Science
Fifteen-year-old Japanese students ranked fourth on the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), part of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In general, Japanese students are believed to have advanced math and science skills among the 65 member countries of the OECD. Nevertheless, out of the 617,500 freshmen joining all of Japan’s universities and colleges in 2015, only 151,000 will major in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields during their undergraduate careers. A recent survey on public attitudes about S&T showed that only one fifth of Japanese adults are “very interested” in new scientific discoveries, whereas more than a third of US and UK residents reported being “very interested.” Why do only a quarter of Japanese students choose STEM-related subjects? At what stages in the Japanese education system do they begin to lose interest in STEM? The authors distributed a questionnaire to more than 1,700 freshmen. Out of the participants, 840 attended the two national women’s universities, 230 studied at a national university of education (which trains teachers to work in elementary, junior high, and high schools), 450 were STEM students at a private university, and 190 belonged to one of the non-STEM departments at another private university. By applying k-means clustering, the authors categorized the students based on their responses to questions about daily life habits. For all students in each cluster, the authors analyzed the subjects that students liked and disliked in elementary school, junior high, and high school, as well as their strong and weak subjects. The authors found that regardless of the students’ various characteristics (e.g. male or female, STEM or non-STEM majors), they were able to classify all the participants into nine clusters according to their tendencies towards “sociability” (S), “interest in nature/living creatures” (N), and “interest in machinery/manufacturing” (M). Two of these clusters (S+N+M- and S+N-M-) represent students who selected non-STEM majors and dislike mathematics and science. Four (S+N+M+, S+N-M-, S-N-M+, and S-N-M-) represent students who chose STEM majors and do not dislike mathematics, and three (S+N+M+, S-N+M+, and S-N-M-) are composed of those who earned relatively high grades in both STEM and non-STEM subjects in high school. The most noticeable result is that in all clusters, the percentage of students who began to recognize mathematics/science as their weak subject(s) drastically increased as they entered high school. The authors even observed this tendency in the groups where students chose STEM majors. These findings imply some kind of barrier in Japan’s mathematics and science curricula, most notably in the transition from junior high to high school. The authors are trying to describe these barriers in detail and determine effective solutions.
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A Consideration of Energy Resources Consumed in Japan (in Japanese) Reviewed
Mamoru Terauchi and Kaede Terauchi
Journal of Energy and Environmental Education 10 ( 1 ) 45 - 54 2016.1
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author
Currently, Japan relies on imports for more than 90% of its energy resources. To support the abundant and convenient daily life powered by electricity, more than 20% of the total energy resources supplied domestically are expended as "losses" during the energy resource form conversion process known as "power generation." This situation has not fundamentally changed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011, and the loss ratio has actually increased. The per capita energy resource supply in 2013 was more than 36 times that of 1880. Compared to 1990, while the energy resource consumption in 2013 remained almost unchanged, the energy resource supply increased by more than 6%. This increase corresponds to the rise in conversion losses due to the reactivation of old, inefficient thermal power plants. Additionally, the energy consumption in the industrial sector in 2013 decreased by more than 8% compared to 1990, while the energy consumption in the residential and transportation sectors increased by more than 15% and 6%, respectively. This reflects the increased electricity usage due to the proliferation of information and communication devices in the residential sector and the increased energy consumption from passenger cars in the transportation sector. The latter is supported by the fact that the number of passenger cars in 2013 was 1.71 times that of 1990.
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On the technology literacy education (including information technology) (in Japanese)
Mamoru Terauchi and Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 5 17 - 24 2015.3
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author
In Japanese, the concepts of "technology" and "science" are often used interchangeably in daily life without explicit definitions, but they should originally be clearly distinguished. However, their cutting edges are "science-based technology" and "technology-based science," and today they are in an interdependent relationship. Nevertheless, even in the cutting-edge ICT (information communication technology), the essence of technology, which is "learning from failure," has not changed at all. This is precisely what should be understood by everyone as "fundamental technological literacy" along with "information literacy."
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Mamoru Terauchi and Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 5 25 - 36 2015.3
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author
By examining the shifts in the relationship between "science" and "technology" at major turning points in the expansion of knowledge about the natural world—from Newton's classical mechanics at the end of the 17th century, to Maxwell's systematization of electromagnetism in the late 19th century, to the birth of quantum mechanics in the 20th century—we conclude that "science" is always developed in dependence on the "technology" of its time, and that a finite amount of time is necessarily required for new "knowledge" to benefit "technology." Additionally, we propose "quantitative predictability" as a characteristic feature of "modern science" since Newtonian mechanics, and also point out the importance of considering the "cost" of bearing "science that exceeds one human being's capabilities."
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Things to know when considering a 'Hydrogen Energy Society' (in Japanese)
Mamoru Terauchi and Kaede Terauchi
Hirao School of Management Review 5 37 - 42 2015.3
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author
Hydrogen is a substance that is almost non-existent in its pure form on Earth and requires energy obtained from other energy resources for its production. Additionally, with a boiling point of 20 K (minus 253°C), it is extremely low, and it cannot be liquefied at room temperature. Therefore, compared to fossil fuels (hydrocarbons) like gasoline and kerosene, which are liquids at room temperature, hydrogen requires more energy for transportation and storage. These fundamental properties of hydrogen must be considered when contemplating a "hydrogen energy society."
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Physics education in university 20 ( 1 ) 27 - 30 2014.3
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author
When we actually conducted a lecture using numerical data on the trends in energy supply by resource and final energy consumption by sector in Japan during the latter half of the 2013 academic year, we were strongly made aware that the common knowledge about "energy" held by current university students is completely different from that of the author, who experienced the first oil shock as a child. It is thought that university students' common knowledge about "energy" is largely influenced by the content of "energy education" in the elementary and junior high school curriculum. This report introduces one aspect of this situation and the materials and reactions of university students who attended the lecture, which the author devised to explain the fact that "Japan is dependent on foreign countries for most of its energy resources."
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On the Quantitative Data to Utilize in Learning About "Renewable Energy" (in Japanese) Reviewed
Mamoru Terauchi and Kaede Terauchi
Physics education in university 19 ( 3 ) 96 - 100 2013.11
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author
This paper quantitatively illustrates how much energy Japan has obtained through various means and how it has been used in different sectors, based on the "EDMC/Energy and Economic Statistics Handbook (2013 Edition)" published by the Japan Institute of Energy Economics. Next, it provides estimates based on natural scientific knowledge of how much energy can be extracted from solar, solar thermal, wind, geothermal, and other sources that we currently consider "renewable energy."
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Mamoru Terauchi and Kaede Terauchi
Study on politics and economy ( 98 ) 78 - 92 2012.6
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author
The Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, revealed how much our current daily lives depend on the accumulation of science and technology that humanity has achieved so far, and how little we had recognized these sciences and technologies. The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is forcing each of us to confront scientific and technological judgments that we have previously overlooked.
This paper describes several items that the author considers to be the minimum level of "scientific literacy" based on "scientific knowledge." In particular, it explains "how radiation protection standards are determined based on what knowledge" and "what is not known about the biological effects of radiation." -
A Consideration of "Science" and "Literacy" (in Japanese) Reviewed
Mamoru Terauchi and Kaede Terauchi
Study on politics and economy ( 93 ) 71 - 78 2009.11
Joint Work
Authorship：Lead author
The terms "science" and "literacy" are used in Japan to convey meanings that are somewhat different from their Western connotations. This paper re-examines the definitions of these terms from their etymological origins and proposes more appropriate Japanese expressions for the concepts they originally represent. It questions the essence of "learning" and emphasizes the importance of "cultivation."
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Kaede Terauchi and Mamoru Terauchi
Journal of science education in Japan 32 ( 3 ) 236 - 237 2008.9
Joint Work
The fact that four Japanese researchers were awarded the 2008 Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry drew attention to basic scientific research. However, it is crucial to note that all four doctors received an elementary and secondary education that was free from the division between the humanities and sciences, prior to the "yutori education" curriculum. This underscores the urgent need to promptly address and correct the trend towards specialization.
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U.S. IT Hegemony (in Japanese) Reviewed
Mamoru Terauchi
Study on politics and economy ( 78 ) 89 - 99 2002.5
Single Work
Authorship：Lead author
When examining U.S. IT hegemony from two specific perspectives—cryptography-related technology export controls and Microsoft's OS strategy—it becomes clear that the U.S. federal government plays a powerful guiding role in the conquest of the "new continent" of network society. What we should do now is not be swayed by the forced use of IT that has been de facto standardized by the U.S., but rather sincerely learn why the U.S. was able to achieve IT hegemony.
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Mamoru Terauchi
Study on politics and economy ( 76 ) 67 - 78 2001.3
Single Work
Authorship：Lead author
Even within the Linux Community, which symbolizes a completely different stance from the traditional capital-based "information enclosure" strategy, a "global conquest" is steadily advancing through the same business model as that employed by "new monopolistic capital" from companies like Microsoft. The choice between actively engaging in the "general and scientific labor" of network society or merely participating in "transformed physical labor" depends on each individual's "independent intellectual growth."
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PC bubble - market strategies of Intel and Microsoft - (in Japanese) Reviewed
Mamoru Terauchi
Study on politics and economy ( 74 ) 71 - 80 2000.3
Single Work
Authorship：Lead author
Today, the market strategies of Intel and Microsoft, which are seen as symbols of the prosperity of the U.S. information-related industries, share a clear common approach: the realization of "thorough backward compatibility plus α." Additionally, their strategies of 1) popularization, 2) monopolization, and 3) bringing competition into their own areas of expertise are also common. Both companies have actively sought to capture end-users through concept proposals related to final products. In contrast, Japan's semiconductor industry, which cannot clearly present the concept of the final product in which its products are used to end-users, has been in long-term decline. However, the current situation of Intel and Microsoft shows that concept proposals with thin user benefits are becoming more apparent, and the collapse of the PC bubble may be near.